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A systematic review report on tobacco products and its health issues in India
A systematic review report on tobacco products and its health issues in India
India is the second country in tobacco production in the world. Smoking tobacco products included Hookah, Cohutta, Chillum, Chillum, ganja, Beedi, Mava, Cigarettes, and cigar etc. Various types of smokeless tobacco like betel quid, khaini, mishri, snuff, gutkha are used. Fifty percent of them are addicted to smokeless tobacco. Sixty eight smokeless tobacco products were available in 2010; most of them included the risk of cancer warning except for loose tobacco products. Women mostly prefer 8 out of 29 gutkha brands. Out of these 29 gutkha brands, 15 were loose tobacco packets. India is the second-largest tobacco consumer, comprises of 27.5 crore consumers which altogether greater than the population of Western Europe. From among these 27.5 crore consumers, 16.4 crore people are smokeless tobacco in takers, 6.9 crore people are exclusive smokers and 4.2 crore people are both tobacco in takers and exclusive smokers. If we take this data into consideration early mortality of 45 crore people is expected by 2050 worldwide. Female basically are prone to fewer cigarettes per day as compared to males. On the other hand, a cigarette that is consumed by females has lower nicotine content as compared to males. In developing countries, the female population has less prevalence of smoking because the level of employment is low, socio-cultural norms, and health and beauty concerns. According to the estimation by the South East Asia Region (SEAR) in the year 2000 basically from India, we encounter death of about 18% men and about 3% of women due to tobacco. Various policies have been set up to control the use of tobacco. So that threat to public health is reduced. Policies like tobacco control policy, pro-health policy are set up for this purpose. Talking about the effects on a longer-term usage of water pipe can add up to the risk of getting affected by cancers of lungs, mouth, bladders, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, tooth extraction, etc.
Smoke-free workplaces are associated with smoke-free homes in India: evidence for action
Smoke-free workplaces are associated with smoke-free homes in India: evidence for action
India enacted a smoke-free law in 2003. It is believed that smoke-free workplaces will lead to more smoking in private places such as homes. The national Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS 2) India 2016-2017 collects information on the self-reported prevalence of SHS exposure in homes and workplaces. The present study utilised the GATS 2 dataset to establish the association between working in a smoke-free workplace and living in a smoke-free home. 70.1% of respondents who worked indoors reported smoke-free workplace; 64.5% of respondents reported that they live in a smoke-free home. Respondents who reported that their workplace was smoke-free were significantly more likely to live in smoke-free homes compared with those who are exposed to SHS at the workplace (69.5% vs 45.5%, AOR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.5-2.1). Males, urban residents, family with fewer members, non-smokers and non-smokeless tobacco users were significantly more likely to live in a smoke-free home. Significant differences were also observed with respect to religion, caste, region and education levels. Our results provide conclusive evidence to support that smoke-free workplaces influence smoke-free homes in India. Thus, it highlights the importance of accelerating the implementation of existing national tobacco control legislation on smoke-free public places.
Tribological behavior of dental restorative composites in chewable tobacco environment
Tribological behavior of dental restorative composites in chewable tobacco environment
This study investigates the effect of smokeless tobacco on the tribological properties of two commercially used dental composite materials: Tetric N-Ceram and Z350 Dentin shade. It is to evaluate the effect of smokeless tobacco on the wear properties of two dental composite materials after some stipulated period. The wear test was conducted on pin-on-disk tribometer in the presence of artificial saliva under different loading conditions of 10, 15 and 20 N. The pins of the dental composite material were immersed in tobacco solution. The tribological behavior was studied after 2 days, 3.5 days, 6 days, 15 days and 1 month which represented the real conditions for the contact of 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months and 5 months, respectively, between the dental material and the tobacco solution. Under different loading conditions, Z350 Dentin material exhibited much less wear than the Tetric N-Ceram material in the presence of synthetic saliva for the specimen with or without tobacco immersion. The microstructure of the pin surface was inspected using scanning electron microscopy.
The predictors of cigarette smoking, smokeless tobacco consumption and use of both forms in adolescents in South Asia: a secondary analysis of the Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS)
The predictors of cigarette smoking, smokeless tobacco consumption and use of both forms in adolescents in South Asia: a secondary analysis of the Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS)
Tobacco uptake in adolescents is associated with a range of predictors. We examined the predictors of cigarette smoking, smokeless tobacco (ST) consumption and use of both ST and cigarettes among adolescents in four South Asian countries.
Prevalence and factors associated with tobacco use among men in India: findings from a nationally representative data
Prevalence and factors associated with tobacco use among men in India: findings from a nationally representative data
Tobacco consumption causes almost 638,000 premature deaths per year in India. This study sought to examine the prevalence and determinants of tobacco use among men in India.
The Kentucky SimSmoke Tobacco Control Policy Model of Smokeless Tobacco and Cigarette Use
The Kentucky SimSmoke Tobacco Control Policy Model of Smokeless Tobacco and Cigarette Use
Smokeless tobacco (SLT) prevalence was decreasing in Kentucky before 2007, but has since increased. This study examines the impact of policies on cigarette and SLT use by applying the SimSmoke tobacco control policy simulation model.
Novel tyrosine metabolites in the transcriptomic profiling of smokeless tobacco related oral cancer and their potential implications
Novel tyrosine metabolites in the transcriptomic profiling of smokeless tobacco related oral cancer and their potential implications
Gabapentin for cessation of smoking and non-smoking tobacco habits in Indian population
Gabapentin for cessation of smoking and non-smoking tobacco habits in Indian population
The effectiveness of Gabapentin in tobacco dependence has been evaluated by many researchers.The randomized control trials, testing the efficacy of gabapentin in quitting the habit in smokers and users of smokeless tobacco have not been published yet.We attempt to address this lacuna in knowledge in reducing dependence on tobacco use by Gabapentin.
Alarmingly High Levels of Nicotine and Carcinogenic Nitrosamines in Smokeless Tobacco Products Sold Worldwide
Alarmingly High Levels of Nicotine and Carcinogenic Nitrosamines in Smokeless Tobacco Products Sold Worldwide
Exploratory Analysis of Demographic Factors and the Temporal Evolution of COVID-19 in India
Exploratory Analysis of Demographic Factors and the Temporal Evolution of COVID-19 in India
Headshots on bidi and smokeless tobacco packs in India and Bangladesh: a curious branding element
Headshots on bidi and smokeless tobacco packs in India and Bangladesh: a curious branding element
Rising burden of overweight and obesity among Indian adults: empirical insights for public health preparedness
Rising burden of overweight and obesity among Indian adults: empirical insights for public health preparedness
With simultaneous efforts to address a huge burden of malnutrition, especially among children and younger women, India also encounters a mushrooming prevalence of overweight and obesity among the adult population. This study analysed data from two consecutive rounds of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) conducted in 2005-06 and 2015-16, to present the burden of overweight and obesity among adult men and women in India. The findings highlight a rising burden of overweight and obesity, although the level and the extent of change over the study period varied across states. The district-wise analysis revealed geographical clusters of overweight and obesity. Further investigation suggests that overweight or obesity are not exclusive to urban areas, and economically well-off populations are more inclined to be overweight or obese. The trends and patterns of overweight and obesity in India argue for timely public health preparedness and interventions to avoid the rising incidence of non-communicable diseases in India.
Compliance of oral snuff (Naswar) packaging and sales practices with national tobacco control laws and the relevant articles of Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
Compliance of oral snuff (Naswar) packaging and sales practices with national tobacco control laws and the relevant articles of Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
Smokeless tobacco (SLT) is a significant contributor to tobacco related harm in Pakistan but its control has lags behind that of combustible tobacco. We assessed the compliance of Naswar's (a widely used SLT product in the Southeast Asia) packaging and sales practices with the national legislations and relevant articles of the WHO framework convention on tobacco control (FCTC).
Implementing smokeless tobacco control policy in Pakistan: a qualitative study among Naswar supply chain actors
Implementing smokeless tobacco control policy in Pakistan: a qualitative study among Naswar supply chain actors
To obtain insights into the perceptions of barriers and facilitators to implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) among smokeless tobacco (SLT) supply chain actors in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
Global burden of disease due to smokeless tobacco consumption in adults: an updated analysis of data from 127 countries
Global burden of disease due to smokeless tobacco consumption in adults: an updated analysis of data from 127 countries
Smokeless tobacco (ST) is consumed by more than 300 million people worldwide. The distribution, determinants and health risks of ST differ from that of smoking; hence, there is a need to highlight its distinct health impact. We present the latest estimates of the global burden of disease due to ST use.
Tobacco Cessation Behavior Among Smoking and Smokeless Form Tobacco Users in the Indigenous Population of Ernakulam, India
Tobacco Cessation Behavior Among Smoking and Smokeless Form Tobacco Users in the Indigenous Population of Ernakulam, India
Tobacco usage is the leading preventable cause of death in the world today. The tribes in Kuttampuzha region are the aboriginal tribal community found predominantly in the south Indian state of Kerala, India, and this study was conducted to identify tobacco cessation behavior in smoking and smokeless form of tobacco users among them.
Economic Costs of Diseases and Deaths Attributable to Tobacco use in India, 2017-18
Economic Costs of Diseases and Deaths Attributable to Tobacco use in India, 2017-18
About 28.6% of Indian adults use tobacco. This study estimates economic burden of deaths and diseases attributable to smoking and smokeless tobacco (SLT) use for persons aged 35+ years.
Assessment of dependency of tobacco in relation with price hike, statuary warning, anti-tobacco camp or advertisement on Kanpur population: A cross-sectional survey
Assessment of dependency of tobacco in relation with price hike, statuary warning, anti-tobacco camp or advertisement on Kanpur population: A cross-sectional survey
To examine the significance of cigarette prices, statuary warning, anti-tobacco camp or advertisement in influencing smoking cessation and the motivation to quit tobacco use.Tobacco use is highly prevalent all over the world. Tobacco smoking and chewing affects almost all the systems of the body.
Estimation of Salivary 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a Potential Biomarker in Assessing Progression towards Malignancy: A Case-Control Study
Estimation of Salivary 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a Potential Biomarker in Assessing Progression towards Malignancy: A Case-Control Study
Squamous Cell Carcinoma is almost always preceded by potentially malignant disorders in the oral cavity before malignant transformation. Characterization of 8-OHdG from the saliva offers a relatively non-invasive, simple and efficient methodology for monitoring oxidative stress in subjects of Premalignant oral disorders (PMOD) and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Hence the aim of the current study is to estimate the levels of salivary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a potential DNA Damage Biomarker in OSMF and OSCC patients in comparison to healthy individuals to assess disease progression from potentially malignant oral disorder to frank malignancy.
Smokeless tobacco induces toxicity and apoptosis in neuronal cells: a mechanistic evaluation
Smokeless tobacco induces toxicity and apoptosis in neuronal cells: a mechanistic evaluation
Smokeless tobacco (SLT) or chewing tobacco has been a highly addictive practice in India across ages, posing major threat to the systemic health and possibly neurodegeneration. Earlier studies showed components of SLT could be harmful to neuronal health. However, mechanism of SLT in neurodegeneration remained unexplored. This study investigated the detrimental role of SLT on differentiated neuronal cell lines, PC12 and SH-SY5Y by using graded doses of water soluble lyophilised SLT. Reduced cell viability, compromised mitochondrial structure and functions were observed when neuronal cell lines were treated with SLT (6 mg/mL) for 24 h. There was reduction of oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysis as determined by diminution of ATP production (2.5X) and basal respiration (1.9X). Mitochondrial membrane potential was dropped by 3.5 times. Bid, a pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein, has imperative role in regulating mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and subsequent cytochrome release leading to apoptosis. This article for the first time indicated the involvement of Bid in SLT mediated neurotoxicity and possibly neurodegeneration. SLT treatment enhanced expression of cleaved-Bid in time dependent manner. The involvement of Bid was further confirmed by using Bid specific shRNA which reversed the effects of SLT and conferred significant protection from apoptosis up to 72 h. Thus, our results clearly indicated that SLT induced neuronal cell death occurred production of ROS, alteration of mitochondrial morphology, membrane potential and oxidative phosphorylation, inactivation of survival pathway and activation of apoptotic markers mediated by Bid. Therefore, Bid could be a potential future therapeutic target for SLT induced neurodegeneration.
Cluster analysis of urinary tobacco biomarkers among U.S. adults: Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) biomarker study (2013-2014)
Cluster analysis of urinary tobacco biomarkers among U.S. adults: Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) biomarker study (2013-2014)
Tobacco use delivers nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are metabolized and excreted in urine offering useful biomarkers of exposure. Previous studies compared individual toxicants across tobacco users. Based on a group of biomarkers, cluster analysis was used to define tobacco toxicant exposure profiles. Clusters with distinct exposure profiles, were determined and described, based on levels of urinary biomarkers of exposure to nicotine, TSNAs, VOCs, and PAHs among a national sample of current, established, adult tobacco users, and examine the association of use behavior and cluster membership. The PATH Biomarker Wave 1 data were analyzed. Current established tobacco users with complete urinary biomarker data were included (N = 6724). User groups included cigarette smokers, users of electronic cigarette (ECIG), smokeless tobacco (SLT), and dual and poly tobacco users. Cluster analysis, pairwise comparisons, and multinomial logistic regression were conducted. Cigarette smokers were primarily in clusters with high biomarker concentrations across all groups, but actual concentrations were associated with smoking quantity. A cluster with high TSNAs but low levels of PAHs and VOCs was heavily populated by SLT users. Exclusive ECIG users, depending on use frequency, were predominantly in clusters with low biomarker concentrations, except for one cluster that had relatively high TSNAs. Clusters heavily populated by dual and poly tobacco users were the same as those heavily populated by cigarette smokers. Ten exposure profiles (clusters) were determined and linked to tobacco use behavior. Findings could inform future research and policy initiatives.
Corrigendum to: Association of smokeless tobacco and cerebrovascular accident: a systematic review and meta-analysis of global data
Corrigendum to: Association of smokeless tobacco and cerebrovascular accident: a systematic review and meta-analysis of global data
Smokeless tobacco control in India: policy review and lessons for high-burden countries
Smokeless tobacco control in India: policy review and lessons for high-burden countries
We examined the magnitude of smokeless tobacco (SLT) use in India and identified policy gaps to ascertain the priorities for SLT control in India and other high SLT burden countries in the Southeast Asia region. We reviewed and analysed the legal and policy framework to identify policy gaps, options and priority areas to address the SLT burden in India and lessons thereof. In India, 21.4% adults, including 29.6% of men, 12.8% of women, use SLT while more than 0.35 million Indians die every year due to SLT use. SLT use remains a huge public health concern for other countries in the region as well. Priority areas for SLT control should include: constant monitoring, increasing taxes and price of SLT products, strengthening and strict enforcement of existing laws, integration of SLT cessation with all health and development programmes, banning of advertisement and promotion of SLT, increasing age of access to tobacco up to 21 years, introducing licensing for the sale of SLT, standardising of SLT packaging and preventing SLT industry interference in the implementation of SLT control policies besides a committed multistakeholder approach for effective policy formulation and enforcement. SLT control in India and the other high SLT burden countries, especially in the Southeast Asia region, should focus on strengthening and implementing the above policy priorities.
Serum Immunoglobulins as Diagnostic Markers in Smokeless Tobacco Users for Prevention of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders
Serum Immunoglobulins as Diagnostic Markers in Smokeless Tobacco Users for Prevention of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders
Smokeless tobacco (SLT) remains a threat amongst a large population across the globe and particularly in India. Among the 28 known carcinogens in SLT, tobacco-specific nitrosamines are considered to be the most potent and it has been shown to cause immunomodulatory effects making the individual susceptible to various diseases. Immunoglobulins (Ig) form the defense against pathogens at the mucosal surfaces and SLT might interfere with its production and function. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to estimate the level of IgG and IgA in SLT patients and establish a correlation between them.
Spatial pattern and determinants of tobacco use among females in India - Evidence from a nationally representative survey (NFHS-4)
Spatial pattern and determinants of tobacco use among females in India - Evidence from a nationally representative survey (NFHS-4)
Tobacco use has been steadily increasing among the females in developing countries. It has led to rise in tobacco-related morbidity and mortality among females. Knowing the geographic distribution of the habit is essential to identify high priority areas and direct the healthcare intervention. Hence, this study was done to assess the spatial patterns and determinants of tobacco consumption among females in India.
Diagnostic delay for head and neck cancer in South India: A Mixed-methods Study
Diagnostic delay for head and neck cancer in South India: A Mixed-methods Study
Early diagnosis is an important aspect of quality of cancer care.Analysis of the diagnostic delays and the reasons for delay helps to plan strategies to improve cancer care.
Smokeless tobacco use and related oral mucosal changes in Bengali Women
Smokeless tobacco use and related oral mucosal changes in Bengali Women
Tobacco use is called the single most cause of preventable cause of death all over the world. The various study confirmed that smokeless tobacco use is directly related to oral cancer and pre-cancer. The prevalence of smokeless tobacco use varies widely in different countries and states based on age group, gender, with varied socioeconomic, cultural and educational backgrounds.
Tobacco use and nicotine dependence among newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Ballabgarh tuberculosis unit, Haryana
Tobacco use and nicotine dependence among newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Ballabgarh tuberculosis unit, Haryana
This study was conducted to estimate the burden of tobacco use and nicotine dependence among newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients to help inform effective implementation of tobacco cessation strategies among tuberculosis patients to improve treatment outcomes.
COVID-19 in Smokeless Tobacco Habitués: Increased Susceptibility and Transmission
COVID-19 in Smokeless Tobacco Habitués: Increased Susceptibility and Transmission
As the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic continues to sweep across the globe, the world is responding by implementing public awareness campaigns, social distancing measures, and other preventive strategies to arrest the spread of this lethal disease. Infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exacts a heavy toll on patients with existing comorbidities. Smokeless tobacco (SLT) consumption is of particular concern in countries in South Asia with high population densities, as it facilitates exposure to SARS-CoV-2 within or between communities by the act of public spitting. Salivary droplets generated in this act are a potential threat because they can transmit this airborne infection. Moreover, large gatherings at tobacco retail outlets, frequent hand-to-mouth contact, and sharing of apparatus by SLT habitués could also aid in increasing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. SLT-induced higher expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors along with the presence of furin in the oral mucosa and dysfunctional immune responses among SLT habitués increase viral dissemination and an individual's susceptibility to COVID-19. Issuing rigorous regulations to restrict the use of various forms of SLT products and the obnoxious act of spitting in public can assist in arresting the spread of COVID-19. Widespread education campaigns enlightening the community regarding the adverse effects of SLT consumption and its relationship with COVID-19, along with providing effective assistance to quit for those who are addicted, would decrease the spread of COVID-19.
White paper on smokeless tobacco & women's health in India
White paper on smokeless tobacco & women's health in India
Smokeless tobacco (SLT) use is widespread across many nations and populations, and India shares more than three-quarters of the global burden of SLT consumption. Tobacco use in India has been largely viewed as a male-dominant behaviour. However, evidence from medical, social and behavioural sciences show significant SLT use among women and young girls. This paper highlights key dimensions of SLT use among women in India including prevalence and determinants, the health effects arising from SLT use and cessation behaviours. The paper concludes by providing recommendations with the aim of setting research priorities and policy agenda to achieve a tobacco-free society. The focus on women and girls is essential to achieve the national targets for tobacco control under the National Health Policy, 2017, and Sustainable Development Goals 3 of ensuring healthy lives and promote well-being for all.
Social determinants in access to tobacco prevention and cessation support services among migrant construction workers in Urban Chennai, India
Social determinants in access to tobacco prevention and cessation support services among migrant construction workers in Urban Chennai, India
In spite of the high burden of tobacco consumption among migrants, disparities in the awareness of tobacco-related harms, health-seeking behaviors, and intention to switch to lower risk alternatives remain understudied area.
The influence of tobacco consumption on periodontal health: A stratified analysis based on type of tobacco use
The influence of tobacco consumption on periodontal health: A stratified analysis based on type of tobacco use
Though the negative influence of tobacco consumption on the periodontal status of an individual is established, the magnitude of this association based on the type of tobacco used is seldom investigated.
Conscious Abstinence from Smokeless Tobacco Evokes Higher Withdrawal Response and Impairs Cognitive Performance Independent of Sympathetic Response
Conscious Abstinence from Smokeless Tobacco Evokes Higher Withdrawal Response and Impairs Cognitive Performance Independent of Sympathetic Response
High consumption of smokeless tobacco in adult Indian population increases the risk of developing oral cancers leading to high morbidity and mortality. Though the influence of abstinence from smoking on cognitive performance has been widely studied, the effect of smokeless tobacco on cognitive performance and its association with withdrawal symptoms is less understood. This study comparatively investigates the effect of short-term conscious abstinence and distraction during abstinence from smokeless tobacco consumption on the craving, withdrawal symptoms, sympathetic response, and cognitive performance in tobacco addicts.
Tobacco Use Among the Youth in India: Evidence From Global Adult Tobacco Survey-2 (2016-2017)
Tobacco Use Among the Youth in India: Evidence From Global Adult Tobacco Survey-2 (2016-2017)
Worldwide, tobacco use is a serious public health concern affecting the youth. A vast majority of tobacco users start using tobacco well before the age of 18 years which has enormous psychosocial and health effects.
Prevalence and determinants of hookah use among college-going women of Delhi
Prevalence and determinants of hookah use among college-going women of Delhi
As governments across the world implement tobacco-control measures, the tobacco industry responds by coming up with new products such as hookah, which are more appealing and affordable for young people-especially women-their primary target group. We assessed the prevalence and determinants of tobacco use among undergraduate women students of the University of Delhi with special emphasis on hookah use.
Taxation and prices of smokeless tobacco products in India: A success story
Taxation and prices of smokeless tobacco products in India: A success story
India is the second-largest consumer of tobacco in the world, second only to China. The World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) is an evidence-based treaty which consists of demand reduction and supply reduction measures. Article 6 of the WHO FCTC requires the Parties to implement tax policies and where appropriate, price policies, on tobacco products so as to contribute to the health objectives aimed at reducing tobacco consumption. The article aimed to analyze the association between taxation structures of smokeless tobacco (SLT) and the prevalence of SLT use at the country level. The article concluded that just as cigarettes, SLT taxes, and prices are also key factors in controlling the demand for SLT products. It calls for uniform taxation across all types of tobacco products for effective and sustained impact and also to prevent product substitution.
"YES it's the Perfect Time to Quit": Fueling Tobacco Cessation in India during COVID-19 Pandemic
"YES it's the Perfect Time to Quit": Fueling Tobacco Cessation in India during COVID-19 Pandemic
Entire world is battling the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic. India too, has undertaken stringent containment measures to combat this disease. The country is in a state of national lockdown, which has inadvertently led more than a quarter of the Indian population to not use tobacco. This paper discusses the opportunity that surfaces with unavailability of tobacco products, and advocates the need for escalation of tobacco cessation services as well as strategic management of stress to stay tobacco-free.
Prevalence of Dental Caries among Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco Users Attending Dental Hospital in Eastern Region of Uttar Pradesh
Prevalence of Dental Caries among Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco Users Attending Dental Hospital in Eastern Region of Uttar Pradesh
The relationship of tobacco use to dental caries is still unclear. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between smoking and smokeless tobacco usage and prevalence of dental caries and its pattern in the Varanasi population.
Correlation of periodontal parameters to various types of smokeless tobacco in tobacco pouch keratosis patients: A cross-sectional study
Correlation of periodontal parameters to various types of smokeless tobacco in tobacco pouch keratosis patients: A cross-sectional study
Tobacco practice in relation with oral diseases is a foremost cause for the global oral disease burden and is accountable for up to 50% of all periodontitis cases among adults. The present cross-sectional study was undertaken to evaluate the local effects of various types of smokeless tobacco on periodontal health in tobacco pouch keratosis (TPK) patients in Mangalore city in the state of Karnataka.
Prevalence, patterns and sociocultural factors associated with use of tobacco-based dentifrices () in India
Prevalence, patterns and sociocultural factors associated with use of tobacco-based dentifrices () in India
India poses a novel tobacco problem with majority of the tobacco users consuming smokeless form of tobacco (21.4%). Gul is one such Smokeless Tobacco (ST) product that is manufactured commercially as a dentifrice to be applied to the teeth and then to gums many times during the day, making it a cheap and easy tobacco source. Hence, the aim of the present study was to estimate the usage of Gul and its social determinants among adults in the capital city of India, Delhi.
Whole Genome DNA Methylation and Gene Expression Profiling of Oropharyngeal Cancer Patients in North-Eastern India: Identification of Epigenetically Altered Gene Expression Reveals Potential Biomarkers
Whole Genome DNA Methylation and Gene Expression Profiling of Oropharyngeal Cancer Patients in North-Eastern India: Identification of Epigenetically Altered Gene Expression Reveals Potential Biomarkers
Oropharyngeal cancer is a subtype of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma that is associated with unique risk exposures like consumption of smokeless tobacco and areca nut and is highly prevalent in the northeastern region of India, especially Meghalaya. However, the underlying epigenetic and transcriptomic changes in this cancer type is yet to be delineated. We have undertaken a study on genome wide somatic alterations in the DNA methylation and transcriptome in oropharyngeal cancer patients from this region using genome wide techniques in paired tumors and adjacent normal tissues. By using integrative approaches, we have identified 194 epigenetically silenced and 241 epigenetically overexpressed genes in the tumor tissue of these patients. Pathways that are significantly enriched by these genes include the pathways of immune systems, such as the interleukin signaling pathways and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Also, osteoclast differentiation pathway was found to be epigenetically upregulated. The pathways enriched by the epigenetically downregulated genes were found to be predominantly those involved in xenobiotic metabolism and keratinization. Two major transcription factors - and were identified as epigenetically dysregulated, which further modulates 129 downstream genes. Comparison of our observations with the head and neck cancer data from TCGA revealed distinct DNA methylation and gene expression landscapes which might be specific for oropharyngeal cancer. HPV DNA sequences were not detected in any of the tumor samples in RNA-Seq data. The results obtained in this study might provide improved understanding of the disease.
Evaluation of systemic inflammatory and thrombotic markers of cardiovascular risk among young Indian oral tobacco users
Evaluation of systemic inflammatory and thrombotic markers of cardiovascular risk among young Indian oral tobacco users
While the pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant effects of cigarette smoking have been well described, the effect of smokeless tobacco (ST) on inflammatory and coagulation markers is still not clear. The study aimed to evaluate impact of smokeless tobacco use on systemic markers of inflammation [(TLC), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (ESR), interleukin (IL) IL-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)] and hypercoagulable state [fibrinogen and d-dimer] leading to increased cardiovascular risk in ST users as compared to non-users.
Smokeless tobacco induced biophysical and biochemical alterations in the plasma, erythrocytes, and platelets of panmasala users: Subsequent biological effects
Smokeless tobacco induced biophysical and biochemical alterations in the plasma, erythrocytes, and platelets of panmasala users: Subsequent biological effects
Smokeless tobacco (SLT) products are extensively consumed throughout the world including India. These products act as the primary addictive agents, due to the presence of nicotine among other tobacco products to humans and animals and its quitting is difficult. Higher the exposure of SLT products more is the toxic effects and alterations in erythrocytes and platelets.
Tobacco use patterns and predictors among college students in Mangalore, South India: Findings from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey
Tobacco use patterns and predictors among college students in Mangalore, South India: Findings from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey
Tobacco use is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, particularly in South-East Asia. The tobacco problem in India is probably more complex than in any other country, with a huge consequential burden of tobacco related diseases and deaths. The present study aimed at analyzing the pattern and predictors of tobacco use among college students aged 18-24 years, using the Global Tobacco Surveillance System (GTSS).
Estimation of the Prevalence of Tobacco Consumption among Rural Women in South India using Mixed Methods Analysis
Estimation of the Prevalence of Tobacco Consumption among Rural Women in South India using Mixed Methods Analysis
Tobacco consumption is a public health problem in Tamil Nadu.